小水库灌区节水节能的改造分析

摘　要：就小水库灌区节水节能的改造中的一系列问题进行分析，力争将节水节能的改造做到最好。Abstract:analysisofaseriesofproblemsofwater-savingandenergy-savingsmallreservoirintheirrigationarea,andstrivetodothebestwater-savingenergy-savingtransformation.关键词：节水节能；设计改造；思路分析Keywords:energysaving;design;analysismethod现在的小水库的作用是非同小可，对我国的农业社会做出了很大的贡献，但是，放眼望去，我国的节约型社会所提倡的节约，并没有在小水库的灌区中体现出来，我国小水库灌区还是存在很大的问题的。Smallreservoirpresentroleistobenotrivialmatter.,madeagreatcontributiontoourcountryagriculturalsociety,but,lookingahead,thepromotionofconservation-mindedsocietyofourcountryeconomy,isnotreflectedintheirrigationareaofsmallreservoirs,smallreservoirsinChinairrigationorthereisabigproblem.1　小水库灌区遇到的问题1smallreservoirirrigationproblems现在我国的小水库的灌区，有大部分已经是很大的一片灌区了，那里是我国农业产品的主要出产地，是农村经济的支撑，也是农业发展的重要保证。NowourcountrySmallReservoirIrrigationDistrict,mostisalargepieceofirrigationarea,therearemainlyproducedinChina"sagriculturalproducts,theruraleconomyisthesupport,butalsoanimportantguaranteeforagriculturaldevelopment.小水库对农作物的生长不仅能够提供者充足的水源，而且还可以提供天然的水利能源。但是由于长时间以来，对小水库的管理不当，政策的不对还有投入的不足，以及在过去一段时间内经济体制的影响，我国的小水库出现了很大的问题，比如：1）我国的小水库管理不当，管理人员的待遇和素质都有待提高，对于小水库的运行很不灵活。2）水库的很多设备都不全面，在后期也缺乏维修和更新，很多设备都已经退化、失修，水库在灌溉区的作用没有体现。3）对水费的设置不当，造成水费的收入低于实际对水库的投入。4）对于在灌溉区的水资源的浪费，不仅是水量的浪费，对水能资源也没有做到节约。Growthofsmallreservoironthecropscannotonlyprovideradequatewater,butalsocanprovidenaturalwaterenergy.Butbecauseofalongtime,nottothesmallreservoirmanagement,policyandthelackofinvestmentinthewrong,andovertimewitheconomicsystem,there"sabigproblem,smallreservoirsinChinasuchas:1)impropersmallreservoirsinChinamanagement,managementoftreatmentandqualityneedstobeimproved,forsmallreservoiroperationisnotflexible.2)alotofequipmentreservoirarenotcomprehensive,inthelateralsolackofrepairandrenewal,manydevicesarealreadydegraded,disrepair,thefunctionofreservoirintheirrigationdistrictisnotreflected.3)onwatersetincorrectly,causingwaterfeeincomelowerthantheactualinvestmentofreservoir.4)fortheirrigationareawaterresourceswaste,isnotonlyawasteofwater,noronthehydropowerresourcestosave.以上的这些问题对灌溉区都造成了很大的影响，没有做到可持续发展，影响灌溉区农作物的生长和农村经济的发展，也没有达到社会主义新农村和节约型社会的要求。Theseproblemsofirrigationdistricthavehadagreatimpact,nottoachievesustainabledevelopment,affectingthedevelopmentofruraleconomicgrowthandirrigationareacrops,alsodidnotmeetthesocialistnewcountrysideandtherequirementsofaconservation-mindedsociety.2　小水库灌区节水节能的改造措施Reformmeasuresofwater-savingandenergy-saving2smallreservoirirrigationarea2.1　设计思路　1）在进行小水库灌区节水节能的改造之前，首先就是要明确灌区中遇到的各种问题。比如在光驱中有的主要的渠道不通水，灌区的范围缩小，水位下降，灌溉的面积也减少了，另外还有如果在一开始进行设计的时候对渠道的要求标准低，很多渠道都没有挖掘完全，还有很多建筑物老化、退化严重等等。明确了这些问题之后，才能对整个设计进行构思。2）要提高水库的输水能力，让整个灌溉区域的面积最大化，从而确定灌区的建设是以提高输水的能力，节约水能和水资源为主，除险加固为辅设计一个合理的思路。3）要注意到小水库所具有的水能，一定要满足管道对水的输出和对农作物节水措施所需要的水压，不能让水库的水能白白的浪费在一些无关紧要的环节上。2.1design1)beforethetransformationofwater-savingandenergy-savingsmallreservoirirrigation,firstistomeetthevariousproblemsinirrigationdistrict.Forexample,inthedriveofsomemainchannelisnotwater,irrigationrangeisnarrow,thewaterleveldropped,theirrigationareaisreduced,andifatthebeginningofdesigntimerequirementsofchannelsoflowstandards,manychannelsarenotminingcompletely,therearealotofbuildings,andtheagingdegradation.Afterdefiningtheconceptionoftheseproblems,tothewholedesign.2)toimprovethereservoircapacity,tomaximizethewholeirrigationarea,soastodeterminetheirrigationconstructionistoincreasethewatercapacity,waterconservationandwaterresources,supplementedbydesigningareasonableideaofreinforcement.3)payattentiontothesmallreservoirwithwater,mustmeettheoutputpipelineofwaterandwaterneededbycropswater-savingmeasures,cannotletthereservoirwaterwasteinsomebeofnogreatimportancelink.2.2　设计方案　1）对水渠两旁的坡进行加固防渗的二面光建设，尤其是对于那些容易崩塌和淤塞的段落还有原来工程施工没能达到要求的段落，还有高边坡的环山渠段的整理加固等等，用这些措施来提高水库的输水能力。2）对整个水渠的建筑物进行重新维修和更新，搭理提高整个渠道的调水控水的能力，并且同时能够消除水道的安全隐患，结合整个灌溉区的实际情况，为整个所辖范围设备适合的硬件设施，用全新的材料做好后期的防渗工作。3）为水库提供的水进行计量收费，水费征收按照改革之后的实际情况去制定，并且要用较高的标准来对调水和控水的设备进行要求。4）要时刻对灌溉区进行调查，在灌溉区的面积逐渐恢复的时候，适时的对附近的工业和人口用水进行调查，按需分配，解决供给水的矛盾，就成为了灌溉区节水的主要刺激力。5）在整个方案进行的后期，除了对附近水需求的调查外，也要对整个渠道的防水工作做到严格把关，力争做到高标准，新技术和新材料。2.2design1)onthechannelsonbothsidesoftheslopereinforcementandseepagetwolightconstruction,especiallyforthosewhoareeasytocollapseandblockageoftheparagraphandtheoriginalconstructioncannotmeettherequirementsofparagraphs,andreinforcementoncanalslopeconsolidationandsoon,thesemeasurestoimprovereservoirwatercapacity.2)forthewholecanalbuildingstorepairandrenewal,toimprovetheabilityofwaterchannelandwatercontrol,andalsocaneliminatethehiddendangerofwaterways,combinedwiththeactualsituationofthewholeirrigationarea,fortheentirescopeofequipmentsuitableforhardwarefacilities,withnewmaterialsdoimperviousworklate.3)formeteringandchargingforreservoirsprovidewater,waterchargesleviedinaccordancewiththeactualsituationafterthereformtodeveloprequirementsforequipment,andwithhigherstandardstowaterdiversionandwatercontrol.4)alwayscarriesontheinvestigationtotheirrigationarea,whentheirrigationareagraduallyrestored,timelytothenearbyindustrialandpopulationwaterinvestigation,distributionaccordingtoneeds,solvethecontradictionofsupplywater,willbecomethemainforcetostimulatewater-savingirrigationarea.5)lateintheproject,inadditiontosurveyonnearbywaterdemand,butalsototheentirechannelwaterproofworkstrictly,andstrivetoachievehighstandards,newtechnologyandnewmaterials.3　对小水库灌区节水节能的改造的建议Transformationof3pairsofsmallreservoirirrigationdistrictwater-savingandenergy-savingadvice1）资金的不到位对小穗去灌区的节水节能的改造具有严重的影响，而恰恰很多小水库都处于比较偏僻的小县城和小乡镇，所以在资金的问题上，灌区的省市级要大力支持，按照市场经济的要求，积极参加到对水库灌区的节水节能的改造工程上来，对小水库灌区要提供资金帮助，大力支持。2）说到灌溉工程，那是一个艰巨又庞大的工程，对于整个工程的总设计非常重要，但是对于后期的配套管理也不能忽视，二者要一视同仁，在整个工程的主干进行完之后，配套的管理应该转向田间，对后期的管理要按照党中央的要求和社会主义新农村的概念，对整个安排做好设计，做好小水库灌区的节水节能的改造任务。3）对整个灌区的人事和机构进行改革是非常重要的。目前，我国的很多灌区都出现了或多或少的问题，但是随着改革的不断进行，设备也不断地完善，很多的管理机构和管理体制逐渐成形，管理人员基本到位，这就要重新安排人力资源，合理对待相关的费用，做到整个水库的灌区管理到位，设备精良，后期的配备能够正常运转，这样，才能形成一个良好的小水库灌区，能够按照市场发展的要求建立起一个具有精良的管理队伍、先进的管理设备、还有重要的一点就是能够实现大力的节水节能的效果。伴随着这样的管理脚步，我国的小水库灌区能够维持节水节能的效果，走向自我管理的道路。1)hastheseriousinfluencetransformationofwater-savingandenergy-savingfundsarenotinplaceofspikelettoirrigation,andjustalotofsmallreservoirsareintheintheremotesmalltownandsmalltowns,soontheissueofmoney,provincialandmunicipaldistrictshouldvigorouslysupport,inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemarketeconomy,activelyparticipateinthereconstructionprojectofwater-savingtheenergyofthereservoirirrigation,forsmallreservoirirrigationdistricttoprovidefundstohelp,support.2)whenitcomestoirrigationworks,itisaverydifficultandlargeproject,thewholedesignisveryimportant,butforsupportingthemanagementoflatecannotbeignored,thetwomustmakenoexception,aftertheendoftheentireprojecttrunk,supportingmanagementshouldturntothefield,themanagementshouldbeinaccordancewiththeconceptofthepartytherequirementsofthecentralgovernmentandthenewsocialistruralareas,doagoodjobtodesignthearrangement,transformationtasksdowater-savingenergy-savingsmallreservoirirrigationarea.3)onthewholeirrigationareaofpersonnelandorganizationreformisveryimportant.Atpresent,alotofirrigationareasinChina.Therearemoreorless,butwiththereformcontinuously,equipmentisalsoconstantlyimprove,alotofmanagementmechanismandmanagementsystemgraduallyforming,managementstaffinplace,itwillrearrangethehumanresources,reasonabletreatmentrelatedexpenses,beinplace,theentirereservoirirrigationareamanagementwell-equipped,laterequippedtonormaloperation,so,canformasmallreservoirwellirrigationarea,accordingtotheneedsofthedevelopmentofthemarkettoestablishagoodmanagementteam,advancedmanagementequipment,thereisanimportantpointistoachievetheeffectofsavingwaterandenergyto.Withsuchmanagementsteps,smallreservoirsinChinacanmaintaintheirrigationwater-savingandenergy-savingeffect,totheselfmanagementoftheroad.z