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PHP入门学习基础教程

        1、 PHP片段四种表示形式。

        标准tags:<?php ?>

        short tags:<? ?> 需要在php.ini中设置short _open_tag=on,默认是on asp tags: <% %>需要在php.ini中设置asp_tags=on,默认是off script tags:<script language=”php”></script>

        2、 PHP变量及数据类型

        1) $variable ,变量以字母、_开始,不能有空格

        2) 赋值$variable=value;

        3) 弱类型,直接赋值,不需要显示声明数据类型

        4) 基本数据类型:Integer,Double,String,Boolean,Object(对象或类),Array(数组)

        5) 特殊数据类型:Resourse(对第三方资源(如数据库)的引用),Null(空,未初始化的变量)

        3、 操作符

        1) 赋值操作符:=

        2) 算术操作符:+,-,*,/,%(取模)

        3) 连接操作符:. ,无论操作数是什么,都当成String,结果返回String 4) Combined Assignment Operators合计赋值操作符:+=,*=,/=,-=,%=,.= 5) Automatically Incrementing and Decrementing自动增减操作符: (1)$variable+=1 <=>$variable++;$variable-=1 <=>$variable-,跟c语言一样,先做其他操作,后++或-

        (2)++$variable,-$variable,先++或-,再做其他操作

        6) 比较操作符:= =(左边等于右边),~=(左边不等于右边),= = =(左边等于右边,且数据类型相同),>=,>,<,<=

        7) 逻辑操作符:|| ó or,&&óand,xor(当左右两边有且只有一个是true,返回true),!

        4、 注释:

        单行注释:// ,#

        多行注释:/* */

        5、 每个语句以;号结尾,与java相同

        6、 定义常量:define(“CONSTANS_NAME”,value)

        7、 打印语句:print,与c语言相同

        8、 流程控制语句

        1) if语句:

        (1)if(expression)

        {

        //code to excute if expression evaluates to true

        }

        (2)if(expression)

        {

        }

        else

        {

        }

        (3)if(expression1)

        {

        }

        elseif(expression2)

        {

        }

        else

        {

        }

        2) swich语句

        switch ( expression )

        {

        case result

        // execute this if expression results in result1

        break;

        case result

        // execute this if expression results in result2

        break;

        default:

        // execute this if no break statement

        // has been encountered hitherto }

        3) ,操作符:

        ( expression )?returned_if_expression_is_true:returned_if_expression_is_false;

        4) while语句:

        (1) while ( expression ) {

        // do something }

        (2)do

        {

        // code to be executed

        } while ( expression ); 5) for语句:

        for ( initialization expression; test expression; modification expression ) {

        // code to be executed

        }

        6) break;continue

        9、 编写函数

        1) 定义函数:

        function function_name($argument1,$argument2,„„) //形参 {

        //function code here;

        }

        2) 函数调用

        function_name($argument1,$argument2,„„); //形参 3) 动态函数调用(Dynamic Function Calls): <h<head>

        <title>Listing 6.5</title> </head>

        <body>

        <?php

        function sayHello() { //定义函数sayHello print "hello<br>";

        }

        $function_holder = "sayHello"; //将函数名赋值给变量$function_holder

        $function_holder(); //变量$function_holder成为函数sayHello的引用,调用

        $function_holder()相当于调用sayHello ?>

        </body>

        </html>

        4) 变量作用域:

        全局变量:

        <html>

        <head>

        <title>Listing 6.8</title> </head>

        <body>

        <?php

        $life=42;

        function meaningOfLife() { global $life;

        /*在此处重新声明$life为全局变量,在函数内部访问全局变量必须这样,如果在函数内改

        变变量的值,将在所有代码片段改变*/

        print "The meaning of life is $life<br>";

        }

        meaningOfLife();

        ?>

        </body>

        </html>

        5) 使用static

        <html>

        <head>

        <title>Listing 6.10</title> </head>

        <body>

        <?php

        function numberedHeading( $txt ) {

        static $num_of_calls = 0;

        $num_of_calls++;

        print "<h1>$num_of_calls. $txt</h1>"; }

        numberedHeading("Widgets"); //第一次调用时,打印$num_of_calls值为1 print("We build a fine range of widgets<p>");

        numberedHeading("Doodads"); /*第一次调用时,打印$num_of_calls值为2,因为变量是

        static型的,static型是常驻内存的*/

        print("Finest in the world<p>"); ?>

        </body>

        </html>

        6) 传值(value)和传址(reference):

        传值:function function_name($argument) <html>

        <head>

        <title>Listing 6.13</title> </head>

        <body>

        <?php

        function addFive( $num ) { $num += 5;

        }

        $orignum = 10;

        addFive( &$orignum );

        print( $orignum );

        ?>

        </body>

        </html>

        结果:10

        传址:funciton function_name(&$argument) <html>

        <head>

        <title>Listing 6.14</title> </head>

        <body>

        <?php

        function addFive( &$num ) { $num += 5; /*传递过来的是变量$num的引用,因此改变形参$num的值就是真正改变变量

        $orignum物理内存中保存的值*/

        }

        $orignum = 10;

        addFive( $orignum );

        print( $orignum );

        ?>

        </body>

        </html>

        结果:15

        7) 创建匿名函数:create_function(‘string1’,’string2’); create_function是PHP内建函数,专门用于创建匿名函数,接受两个string型参数,第一个是参数列表,第

        二个是函数的主体

        <html>

        <head>

        <title>Listing 6.15</title>

        </head>

        <body>

        <?php

        $my_anon = create_function( '$a, $b', 'return $a+$b;' ); print $my_anon( 3, 9 );

        // prints 12

        ?>

        </body>

        </html>

        8) 判断函数是否存在:function_exists(function_name),参数为函数名

        10、 用PHP连接MySQL

        1) 连接:&conn=mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass"); 2) 关闭连接:mysql_close($conn);

        3) 数据库与连接建立联系:mysql_select_db(database name, connection index); 4) 将SQL语句给MySQL执行:$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn); //增删改查都是这

        句

        5) 检索数据:返回记录数:$number_of_rows = mysql_num_rows($result); 将记录放入数组:$newArray = mysql_fe 例子:

        <?php

        // open the connection

        $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass");

        // pick the database to use

        mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn);

        // create the SQL statement

        $sql = "SELECT * FROM testTable";

        // execute the SQL statement

        $result = mysql_query($sql, $conn) or die(mysql_error());

        //go through each row in the result set and display data

        while ($newArray = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {

        // give a name to the fields

        $id = $newArray['id'];

        $testField = $newArray['testField'];

        //echo the results onscreen

        echo "The ID is $id and the text is $testField <br>";

        }

        ?>

        11、 接受表单元素:$_POST[表单元素名],

        如<input type=text name=user>ó$_POST[user]

        接受url中queryString中值(GET方式):$_GET[queryString]

        12、转向其他页面:header("Location: "); 13、字符串操作:

        1)explode(“-”,str)óJava中的splite

        2)str_replace($str1,$str2,$str3) =>$str1要查找的字符串,$str2用来替换的字符串,

        $str3从这个字符串开始查找替换

        3)substr_replace:

        14、session:

        1)打开session:session_start(); //也可以在php.ini设置session_auto_start=1,不

        必再每个script都写这句,但是默认为0,则必须要写。

        2)给session赋值:$_SESSION[session_variable_name]=$variable; 3)访问session:$variable =$_SESSION[session_variable_name]; 4)销毁session:session_destroy();

        15、显示分类的完整例子:

        <?php

        //connect to database

        $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass") or die(mysql_error());

        mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn) or die(mysql_error()); $display_block = "<h1>My Categories</h1> <P>Select a category to see its items.</p>"; //show categories first

        $get_cats = "select id, cat_title, cat_desc from store_categories order by cat_title";

        $get_cats_res = mysql_query($get_cats) or die(mysql_error());

        if (mysql_num_rows($get_cats_res) < 1) { //如果返回记录行数小于1,则说明没有分类 $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no categories to browse.</em></p>";

        } else {

        while ($cats = mysql_fetch_array($get_cats_res)) { //将记录放入变量$cats中

        $cat_id = $cats[id];

        $cat_title = strtoupper(stripslashes($cats[cat_title])); $cat_desc = stripslashes($cats[cat_desc]); $display_block .= "<p><strong><a

        href="$_SERVER[PHP_SELF][U1] ?cat_id=$cat_id">$cat_title</a></strong>//点击此url,刷新本页,第28行读取cat_id,显示相应分类的条目

        <br>$cat_desc</p>";

        if ($_GET[cat_id] == $cat_id) { //选择一个分类,看下面的条目

        //get items

        $get_items = "select id, item_title, item_price from store_items where cat_id = $cat_id

        order by item_title";

        $get_items_res = mysql_query($get_items) or die(mysql_error());

        if (mysql_num_rows($get_items_res) < 1) { $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no items in this category.</em></p>";

        } els$display_block .= "<ul>";

        while ($items = mysql_fetch_array($get_items_res)) {

        $item_id = $items[id];

        $item_title = stripslashes($items[item_title]); $item_price = $items[item_price]; $display_block .= "<li><a

        href="showitem.php?item_id=$item_id">$item_title</a>

        </strong> ($$item_price)";

        [U2] }

        $display_block .= "</ul>";

        }

        }

        }

        }

        ?>

        <HTML>

        <HEAD>

        <TITLE>My Categories</TITLE>

        </HEAD>

        <BODY>

        <? print $display_block; ?>

        </BODY>

        </HTML>

        16、PHP连接Access:

        <?

        $dbc=new com("adodb.connection"); $dbc->open("driver=microsoft access driver (*.mdb);dbq=c:member.mdb");

        $rs=$dbc->execute("select * from tablename"); $i=0;

        while (!$rs->eof){

        $i+=1

        $fld0=$rs->fields["UserName"];

        $fld0=$rs->fields["Password"];

        ....

        echo "$fld0->value $fld1->value ...."; $rs->movenext();

        }

        $rs->close();

        ?>

         

        


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